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Caribbean Matters: Addressing the racism of the Dominican government

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The ongoing humanitarian crisis situation in Haiti is getting worse. Meanwhile, the Dominican Republic, which shares the same island, continues to round up and deport people they believe to be undocumented Haitians living in the Dominican Republic. They then dump them across the border. Last week the untenable situation became even worse when the United States embassy in the Dominican Republic issued a warning to travelers from the U.S. to the Dominican Republic that they might get swept up and locked up if they happened to look Haitian, meaning if they have dark skin.

The Dominican government reacted immediately to reject the implications of the warning, as did certain elected officials here, including Rep. María Elvira Salazar, a right-wing Republican Cuban-American congressperson from Florida.

Denial is not a river in Egypt, and the loud protests of Dominicans denying anti-Black racism there, which has a long history, fall flat on the ears of many who know better, including Afro-Dominican voices here in the U.S.

RELATED STORY: Caribbean Matters: Dominican Republic builds a wall with Haiti, while dropping COVID-19 protections

Caribbean Matters is a weekly series from Daily Kos. If you are unfamiliar with the region, check out Caribbean Matters: Getting to know the countries of the Caribbean.

Here is the alert issued by the U.S. embassy in the Dominican Republic:

This message is to advise U.S. citizens that in recent months travelers to the Dominican Republic have reported being delayed, detained, or subject to heightened questioning at ports of entry and in other encounters with immigration officials based on their skin color. Reports of disparate treatment of U.S. citizens by Dominican authorities are a matter of ongoing concern to the U.S. Embassy.

In addition, in recent days, as reported in Dominican media, Dominican Migration (DGM) agents have conducted widespread operations aimed at detaining those they believe to be undocumented migrants, especially persons of Haitian descent. In some cases, authorities have not respected these individuals’ legal status in the Dominican Republic or nationality. These actions may lead to increased interaction with Dominican authorities, especially for darker skinned U.S. citizens and U.S. citizens of African descent. There are reports that detainees are kept in overcrowded detention centers, without the ability to challenge their detention, and without access to food or restroom facilities, sometimes for days at a time, before being released or deported to Haiti.

Response from both news media and individuals followed swiftly. Richard Luscombe wrote for The Guardian:

Notably, the approach taken by American officials does not extend to calling for an end to the deportation program, as others, including Volker Türk, United Nations high commissioner for human rights, have done.

The US maintains its own program for the expulsion of Haitian migrants, for which it has also been heavily criticized.

In defending its position on the deportations, the Dominican Republic says there is “no evidence” of any systemic human rights violations, as suggested in the US embassy’s bulletin. Its ministry of foreign relations said in a statement: “The Dominican government never could have imagined there would be such a harsh insinuation made about our country, much less from an ally that has been subject to accusations of xenophobic and racist treatment of migrants, including in parts of its own population.”

Yup. The U.S. has a crap track record. That doesn’t negate that what the Dominican Republic is doing is official racist policy. From the time they decided to remove birthright citizenship for Black Dominicans with Haitian ancestors, government racism was patently obvious.

RELATED STORY: If you are Black, get out: The crisis of statelessness in the Dominican Republic

Other reactions to the news of the warning also mention the recent Dominican government 668-22 decree, which instituted a special police force to round up thousands of Haitian laborers, many of whom have been working in the fields for decades. This includes, in practice, Dominicans of Haitian descent and Afro-Dominicans:

Something is seriously wrong with the Dominican Republic. pic.twitter.com/leqiO1mEp8

— Francis Ngannoumedov (@JamaicanMaroonX) November 21, 2022

Dominican Professor of English at the University of Toronto Ayendy Bonifacio tweeted:

The inhumane mass deportations of Haitians aren’t simply a matter of border protection when white migrants are welcomed & Black migrants are not. It is a modern racial/political Blanqueamiento. Trujillo enacted similar policies, welcoming European migrants while killing Haitians.

— Ayendy Bonifacio, PhD (@AyendyBonifacio) November 28, 2022

(Blanqueamiento is a policy of social whitening.)

The Dominican National Police is dehumanizing Haitian migrants. Repatriation should never result in the denial of a person’s dignity, safety, and humanity. To deny that this is what’s happening is to deny the truth.

— Ayendy Bonifacio, PhD (@AyendyBonifacio) November 28, 2022

Journalist Jillian Kestler-D'Amours reported for Al Jazeera:

Rights advocates urge the Dominican Republic to stop removals as thousands are sent to crisis-hit Haiti this month.

William Charpantier, coordinator for MENAMIRD, a national roundtable for migrants and refugees in the Dominican Republic, said the Dominican police and armed forces are detaining Haitians in the streets as well as “all those who look like Haitians”.

More than 20,000 people had been deported in a nine-day period this month, Charpantier said, including some Dominican citizens with Haitian ancestry. [...]

“These deportations have resulted in the separation of families. People with valid documents have been deported, people who were born here in the Dominican Republic have been deported,” Charpantier told Al Jazeera.

“These aren’t deportations. It’s persecution based on race.”

As I mentioned earlier, Florida Republican Rep. María Elvira Salazar got into the act with an outraged tweet. Queue the appeal to the right-wing Florida Cuban community tucked into her message.

Besides, the Alert is just that, an alert, asking that folks report any issues to the embassy. Contrary to her claim there's no warning that people not travel, DR's travel advisory level is unchanged at "level 2, exercise increased caution due to crime".https://t.co/vxGEF6Aqdh

— Tom Tilley (@ttilley64) November 22, 2022

I was glad to see some Dominicans weighing in.

As a Dominican, what the country does to Haitian nationals, residents, and, yes, even citizens is absolutely abhorrent & has to be called out in every way. Dominican Republic's actions have been rooted in racism with a complete disregard for human rights. https://t.co/4xnSTaBDpN

— eddie ?? (@EddieATaveras) November 22, 2022

For those of you who have a little time to delve into the history of Dominican racial attitudes, watch this 2020 conversation held on “Anti-Black Racism and Colorism in the Dominican Community.” It was held in the Bronx, which is home to a large Dominican American population, and the talk covers both past and present attitudes and efforts to change them.

YouTube Video


And for another narrative, listen to New Jersey attorney Ednin D. Martinez, who is from the predominantly Black Dominican town of San Pedro de Macorís, which was settled originally by many Black English speaking immigrants. She talks frankly about being an Afro-Dominicana. (In her talk she references a 2007 Miami Herald story by Frances Robles on “Black denial.”)

YouTube Video


Human beings are not born racist. Implicit bias, racism and colorism are learned behavior. As an Afro-Latina immigrant from D.R. who moved to the U.S. I've witnessed colorism and systemic racism both in my home and adoptive lands. Do the work, get educated, challenge yourselves, it is really up to us to affect change.

The issue of colorism and racism in groups lumped into the grab-bag “people of color” demographic has both overarching political implications as well as personally painful ones. The only way to begin to heal and change it is to air the situation openly and acknowledge it exists.
 
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